两会 two sessions
3月4日下午,全国政协十三届四次会议(the fourth session of the 13th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference)开幕。3月5日,十三届全国人大四次会议(the fourth session of the 13th National People's Congress)开幕。
今年是中国共产党建党100周年,也是“十四五”规划开局之年(the start of the 14th Five-Year Plan period)。处于重要历史交汇点上的中国,将如何擘画新阶段的发展方向与路径?今年两会期间这些议题值得期待和关注。
* 经济发展目标 economic development goals
2021年的中国发展,挑战与机遇并存,特别是疫情和国际环境依然存在诸多不确定性。
Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, China was the only major economy in the world to register positive growth in 2020, with its GDP expanding 2.3 percent to hit 101.6 trillion yuan (about 15.7 trillion US dollars) in the year.
受新冠肺炎疫情影响,中国2020年国内生产总值达到101.6万亿元,增长2.3%,是全世界唯一一个实现经济正增长的主要经济体。
Last year, no specific GDP growth figure was set in the government work report due to the uncertainty brought by COVID-19 and the world economic and trade environment.
去年,考虑到新冠肺炎疫情的不确定性以及全世界经济贸易整体环境,《政府工作报告》中没有设定明确的GDP增长数值。
国务院发展研究中心宏观经济研究部研究员张立群认为,
China's economy is resilient, has potential and will maintain sustained growth in 2021. But the primary goal of economic development is not to seek a nice-looking GDP figure but to raise the quality of the growth and ensure people's well-being.
在“十四五”开局之年,中国经济有潜力、有韧性保持一定增长速度。同时,他也表示,核心目的不是为了追求数字好看,而是强调经济质量的提升与百姓福祉的保障。
* 双循环 dual circulation
党的十九届五中全会提出了“加快构建以国内大循环为主体、国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局”(the new development paradigm featuring dual circulation, in which domestic and overseas markets reinforce each other, with the domestic market as the mainstay)的重大战略部署。
The 14th Five-Year Plan will further clarify how China will implement the dual circulation strategy and achieve high-quality development.
“十四五”规划将进一步明确双循环战略实施以及实现高质量发展的具体实施方式。
北京大学国家发展研究院名誉院长林毅夫表示:
Dual circulation is seen as a strategic and win-win choice for China to reshape its international cooperation and new competitive edge.
双循环是重塑我国国际合作和竞争新优势的战略抉择,也是共赢的选择。
* 科技创新 sci-tech innovation
《中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十四个五年规划和二〇三五年远景目标的建议》提出的2035年远景目标其中一条就是:
Making major breakthroughs in core technologies in key areas, China will become a global leader in innovation.
关键核心技术实现重大突破,进入创新型国家前列。
National legislators and political advisers, many of whom are scientists and Big Tech executives, are expected to discuss the ways to build China's sci-tech strength and create an enabling environment for innovation.
人大代表和政协委员中有很多都是科学家或大型科技公司的老总,期待他们就增强中国科技实力以及创造鼓励创新的环境等问题展开讨论。
* 绿色发展 green development
2020年9月的第七十五届联合国大会一般性辩论到12月举行的气候雄心峰会,我国多次表示,二氧化碳排放力争于2030年前达到峰值(peak carbon dioxide emissions by 2030),努力争取2060年前实现碳中和(achieve carbon neutrality by 2060)。
中央经济工作会议将做好碳达峰、碳中和工作列入2021年要抓好的8大重点任务之一(one of eight policy priorities)。
In January, Minister of Ecology and Environment Huang Runqiu said China has begun formulating an action plan to peak carbon dioxide emissions before 2030 and will accelerate the transformation toward green and low-carbon development across China's society over the next 10 years.
今年1月,生态环境部部长黄润秋表示,我国已经开始编制2030年前碳排放达峰行动方案,未来10年将加快全社会向绿色低碳发展转型。
* 立法 legislation
2015年以来,全国人大常委会已连续6年提请全国人代会审议重要法律。
In 2019, the NPC session adopted the Foreign Investment Law. Last year, the milestone Civil Code was adopted.
2019年,全国人民代表大会通过了《外商投资法》;2020年,通过了《民法典》。
今年将提请十三届全国人大四次会议审议的,是全国人大组织法修正草案(draft amendment to the organic law)和全国人大议事规则修正草案(draft amendment to the procedural rules of the NPC)。
全国人大组织法颁布施行于1982年,全国人大议事规则颁布施行于1989年,两部法律是最高国家权力机关依法行使职权(exercise functions and powers)的重要制度保障,施行30多年来还没有进行过修改。
专家表示,全国人大及其常委会在立法(legislation)、监督(supervision)、代表(representation)等方面的工作都取得重要进展,形成了不少新经验新成果,需要在法律中予以体现。