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考博英语阅读理解中主旨大意题这一题型的解题技巧
我们在做阅读理解时，不难发现，很多阅读文章中都会出现主旨大意题，而很多华慧考博的学员反馈在做这类题型时，往往抓不住重点，感觉正确答案远不止一个，其实，主旨大意题考查的是我们总结归纳文章主题思想或段落的能力，所以，审题干时，如果遇到这类题，我们在阅读文章时，就要找准文章或段落的主题句，最后我们在选正确答案时，一般选概述较全面的选项，同时避免过于细节或局部的选项。接下来华慧考博老师就来举两个真题例子。(中国科学院 2019年阅读理解之passage 3)
63. Paragraph 3 mainly tells about _____.
A. the individual females' efforts for raising their own status
B. the future plans of the Women's Funding Network
C. the organized group’s systematic supports to women
D. the funds used for improving the lives of women
...
Today, globally, more than 145 funds, with assets of nearly half a billion dollars, exist to improve the lives of women and girls. Many focus their efforts domestically; about a third work internationally. Not one existed in 1972 when the Ms. Foundation, the first national fund for and by women, was established. Collectively they now form the Women's Funding Network and have plans to increase their joint coffers by another billion dollars by 2018, in concert with a drive called Women Moving Millions, which aims to encourage individuals, mostly women, to donate $ 1 million or more.
...
【分析】这是一个段落大意题。第三段主要讲述了______，我们通过题干，定位到第三段，读完这这一段后，确定该段第一句为主题句，即“Today, globally, more than 145 funds, with assets of nearly half a billion dollars, exist to improve the lives of women and girls.”理解为：今天，全球范围内，我们有145项基金以上，拥有近5亿美元的总资产，旨在改善妇女和女童的生活。”接下来的内容都是围绕这一主题句展开。选项A(个别女性努力提高自身地位)属于细节内容，不能概述整段内容； 选项B（妇女基金网络的未来计划），在该段中并没有提及，属于无中生有；选项C（有组织的团体向妇女提供系统的支持），这是原文中针对主题句的举例，不是段落中心。选项D（用于改善妇女生活的资金），是对主题句的概述，所以为正确答案。
(四川大学 2016年阅读理解之passage 1)
When a person begins a mediated or immediate encounter, he already stands in some kind of social relationship to the others concerned, and expects to stand in a given relationship to them after the particular encounter ends. This, of course, is one of the ways in which social contacts are geared into the wider society. Much of the activity occurring during an encounter can be understood as an effort on everyone's part to get through the occasion and all the unanticipated and unintentional events that can cast participants in an undesirable light, without disrupting the relationships of the participants. And if relationships are in the process of change, the object will be to bring the encounter to a satisfactory close without altering the expected course of development. The perspective nicely accounts, for example, for the little ceremonies of greeting and farewell which occur when people begin a conversational encounter or depart from one. Greetings provide a way of showing that a relationship is still what it was at the termination of the previous co-participation, and, typically, that this relationship involves sufficient suppression of hostility for the participants temporarily to drop their guards and talk. Farewells sum up the effect of the encounter upon the relationship and show what the participants may expect of one another when they next meet. The enthusiasm of greetings compensates for the weakening of the relationship caused by the absence just terminated, while the enthusiasm of farewells compensates the relationship for the harm that is about to be done to it by separation.
It seems to be a characteristic obligation of many social relationships that each of the members guarantees to support a given face for the other members in given situations. To prevent disruption of these relationships, it is therefore necessary for each member to avoid destroying the others' face. At the same time, it is often the person's social relationship with others that leads him to participate in certain encounters with them, where incidentally he will be dependent upon them for supporting his face. Furthermore, in many relationships, the members come to share a face, so that in the presence of third parties, an improper act on the part of one member becomes a source of acute embarrassment to the other members. A social relationship, then, can be seen as a way in which the person is more than ordinarily forced to trust his self-image and face to the tact and good conduct of others.
5. The best title for this passage may well be ______.
A. Face and Social Relationship B. How to Conduct Socially
C. Greetings and Farewells D. Conversational Sociology
【分析】这篇文章总共2段，第一段讲了人与人之间从开是相遇、相处过程到分离的过程，第二段主要讲了人与人的相处过程中，要顾及别人的脸面，然后延伸到也要注重自己的形象，因此得出选项B（如何进行社会交往）是正确答案。选项A（面子和社会关系），是文中所题社会关系中的一个方面，属于以偏概全；选项C（打招呼和道别），只是文中第一段的内容，同样是以偏概全的干扰选项；选项D（会话的社会学），过于笼统了，已经超出了原文讲述的范围，因此也是错误答案。
Tips: 主旨大意题由于涉及面广，确实是属于较难的题型，如果一篇阅读理解中，前两道是要求选best title或main idea 时，我们可以先完成其他题后，再回头开始做这道题，因为这类题没法定位到某句或某段，必须要综合全文。
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