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华慧考博：考博英语真题中的长难句剖析
1. If parents were prepared for this adolescent reaction, and realized that it was a sign that the child was growing up and developing valuable powers of observation and independent judgment, they would not be so hurt, and therefore would not drive the child into opposition by resenting and resisting it. (复旦大学2014 passage 2)剖析：
这个句子由一个if引导的条件状语从句和主句构成。
状语从句中：包括被动语态（were prepared for...）、并列结构(were prepared and realized)、宾语从句(if parents realized that...)，宾语从句中还包含一个同位语从句(it was a sign that)；
主句中：包含and 连接的并列句（they would not so hurt and would not drive...）。
参考译文：做父母的如果对这种青少年的反应有所准备,而且意识到这是一个标志，标志着孩子正在成长，正在培养珍贵的观察力和独立的判断力，那么父母们就不会感到如此伤心，所以也就不会由于带有愤恨和反对的情绪而把孩子推到对立面上去。
注意：翻译被动语态时，尽可能“被”字去掉，用其他词代替，如“把...、受...、由...等等”
2. At one point, the British government had even suggested to local councils that they should not fund single-community projects, concentrating their resources instead only on projects that brought communities together, but this proposal was dropped as imposing too rigid a requirement. (中共中央党校2014 passage 4)
剖析：这是一个由but 连接的并列句，句子的主干结构明确( the British government had even suggested to local councils... but this proposal was dropped...), 其后suggest的宾语是一个宾语从句（that they should not fund single-community projects），非谓语结构（concentrating their resources ...）做伴随状语，它的逻辑主语是句子的主语they; 其后的that 引导的定语从句修饰projects（that brought communities together）; too rigid a requirement，是too + 形容词+a +名词的结构，等于 a too rigid requirement.
参考译文：英国政府一度甚至建议地方立法委员会不应资助单一的种族或宗教群体项目，而应该集中他们的资源建设那些有助于团结社会各界的项目，但是由于这项提议提出的要求过于死板而被否决了。
3. Basic research is the very heart of science, and its cumulative product is the capital of scientific progress, a capital that must be constantly increased as the demands upon it rise.(湖南师范大学2019 passage 4)
剖析：这是一个由and连接的并列句，句子的主干结构明确(research is the heart, and its products is the capital)，后面a capital 是同位语，补充说明the capital，接下来有两个分别由that，as引导的从句，其中that 引导的是定语从句，主干是a capital must be increased; as 引导的时间状语从句，主干是the demands rise。
参考译文：基础研究是科学的核心，它的累积产品是科学进步的资本，这种资本必须随着对它的需求的增加而不断增加。
4. Consider—I address you as a legislator—whether, when men contend for their freedom, and to be allowed to judge for themselves respecting their own happiness, it be not inconsistent and unjust to subjugate women, even though you firmly believe that you are acting in the manner best calculated to promote their happiness? (中南大学2019 passage 3)
剖析：主句是一个祈使句，其后是一个whether引导的宾语从句，主干：consider whether it be not insistent and unjust；破折号中间的部分是插入语；接下来的when 引导两个并列的时间状语从句，主干是：when men content for their freedom and to be allowed (这里的when to be allowed...，是一种省略，还原是when men are allowed)；后面的even though 引导让步状语从句，其中又含有that 引导的宾语从句，主干：even though you believe that you are acting.
参考译文：试想——我把你称作立法者——当男人可以争取自由，可以自己决定幸福时，尽管你坚信你的所作所为是为了增进他们的幸福，但压迫女性这个行为，是否一致，是否公正呢？
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