2022华慧考博:如何快速搞定图表作文
图表类作文一般可分为三段进行,首段为概述,引出话题;第二段为主体内容,主要是对图表信息的详细描述;末段一般是对总趋势或重要信息的评论或根据重要信息及趋势作出客观预测。首段可根据题干进行改写,时态通常采用一般现在时。列出图标类别,对某些关键词进行同义替换,这里的关键词包括时间、地点和类别,即横纵坐标的类别。可参考以下句式:
The line chart/bar chart/pie chart/table shows /indicates/ illustrates /describes /presents/ depicts /reveals the number/amount/percentage/proportion of...
主体段落通常采用一般过去时,信息描述无法面面俱到,所以应重点分析图表中的变化或趋势信息。在准备阶段,应依照从左到右的顺序标记好重点数据。饼状图应着重分析整体与部分的关系,从大到小或从小到大描述各部分数据信息,如比例构成和最大或最小的值;柱状图中各组数据之间的差异明显,所以重点应分析横纵坐标上信息的变化和趋势,将不同组数据进行对比分析,找出最大值以及最小值,归纳出发展趋势,同时注意是否存在相似值;折线图的横轴通常表示时间,纵轴表示量的变化。单一折线图较为简单,信息描述主要分阶段展开,包括上升、下降以及持平,从左至右描述曲线的发展趋势,注意其中的最高点以及最低点;多根曲线依照单一曲线的描述对各曲线信息逐一进行分析,尤其注意曲线与曲线的交点以及同一时间曲线与曲线之间的差异。此外,曲线的最后一段暗含着未来发展趋势,即便再短也不能漏掉。
常用基本句式有:
(1)概括
As is shown in the pie chart/line chart/bar chart+概括句子
As can be seen from the pie chart/line chart/bar chart+概括句子
It can be seen from the pie chart/line chart/bar chart that+概括句子
It is clear/apparent from the pie chart/line chart/bar chart that+概括句子
(2)表示上升
The number/figure/percentage/proportion of... increased /jumped /rose /grew /went up/climbed/soared from...to.../between...and.../for+时间段/during+时间段/over+时间段,with.../at.../accounting for.../amounting to...
(3)表示下降
The number/figure/percentage/proportion of... decreased /declined /dropped /fell /reduced/went down/slumped from...to.../between...and.../for+时间段/during+时间段/over+时间段,with.../at.../accounting for.../amounting to...
(4)表示上下波动
The number/figure/percentage/proportion of... fluctuated /varied /rose and fell from...to.../between...and.../for+时间段/during+时间段/over+时间段,with.../at.../accounting for.../amounting to...注意:数据为估计数据时,需要用about, nearly, almost, approximately, over, up to, a bit over, around等,若数据为准确值,可用precisely, exactly等加强语气。
描述增减幅度时,可增加gently /suddenly /rapidly /dramatically /sharply /steeply /steadily /consistently /continually /gradually /slightly /maximally /minimally等副词。
末段进行总结,通常采用一般现在时,表示预测是采用将来时态,但避免will这种语气过于肯定的表达,一般采取be to do、be likely to或be predicted to等形式。
图表作文的词汇语法应注意多样性,避免重复;句子结构不能过于简单,一句话尽量通过连词描述两个对象的特征;句与句之间的逻辑同样重要,如对比、转折或相似,所以逻辑连词不能省。
这里还附上一些描述数据变化的高阶表达:
1. 与“上升”有关
(1)see/witness an upward trend: 呈上升趋势=increase/rise/grow
We will see an upward trend in economic growth from now.
从现在起我们将看到经济增长上升的趋势。
(2)rocket to: 急速上升至
The land and property price rocketed to a record high.
土地和房地产价格飙涨至纪录新高。
(3)soar to: 飞速上升至
If things such as prices or social problems rocket, they increase very quickly and suddenly.
The average thirty-year fixed-rate mortgage soared from 3.93% last week to 4.46% this week.
本周30年期固定抵押贷款利率从上周的3.93%飙升至4.46%。
(4)peak at: 在某处达到最高点
The figures showed that the unemployment rate peaked at 10.6% last year.
数据表明,失业率去年见顶于10.6%。
peak value 峰值
(5)reach the highest point: 达到最高点
The water levels are expected to reach the highest point in Prague.
布拉格水位预计将达到最高点。
2. 与“下降”有关
(1)see/witness a downward trend: 呈现出下降的趋势
The prices of food witnessed a downward trend.
食品价格呈下降趋势。
(2)see an opposite trend: 呈现出相反的趋势
In contrast, the cost of furniture and equipment saw an opposite trend.
相比之下,家具和设备的费用则呈现出相反的趋势。
(3)drop swiftly to: 快速下降至……
The interest rate dropped swiftly/steeply to 3.1%。
利率迅速下降到3.1%。
(4)plummet to: 骤降至……
European car sales plummet to twenty-year low.
欧洲汽车销量暴跌到20年来的新低。
(5)bottom out: 降至最低点,停止恶化(除了表达降至最低点并维持平稳的意思,还隐指此后可能有所上升)
Asia oil prices may bottom out on reduced output.
亚洲油价可能因减产触底反弹。
3. 表示“比较”
(1)be only marginally more... than…: 与……相比仅是略微更……
Thus we can see that the new hospital is only marginally more efficient than the old one.
因此我们可以看出,这家新医院的效率比起旧的那家只略微高了一点。
(2)be only fractionally more than: 与……相比仅是略微更……
The birth rate is only fractionally higher than that in the last decade.
如今出生率相比上个十年来说只是稍微高了点。
(3)be in stark/sharp contrast with: 与……形成鲜明的对比
This new trend is in stark contrast with the trend it experienced in the late twentieth century.
这一新趋势与它在二十世纪末经历的那个趋势形成了鲜明的对比。
(4)be considerably more than: 远比……更加……
The interest rate in UK is considerably higher than that in China.
英国的利率远远高于中国。
(5)in proportion to: 与……成比例,与……相称
Basically, Bill would tax fossil fuels in proportion to the amount of carbon they release.
基本上,该法案会基于碳排放量成比例对化石燃料征税。
(6)in inverse proportion to: 成反比
We have senators whose integrity is in inverse proportion to their expense accounts.
我们的参议员的人品和他们的报销额度成反比。
4. 表“平稳”和“波动”
(1)平稳:
reach/hit a plateau : (活动或进程)进入平稳状态
By the end of last last year, this improvement had reached a plateau.
截至去年年底,这种改善趋于平稳。
plateau/plateau out 进入平稳时期
level out/off: (数字或数量)趋向平缓、趋于稳定
The program will welcome twenty students in its first year with plans to level out at forty the following year.
该计划将在第一年迎来二十名学生,并计划在接下来的一年里维持在四十人的水平。
maintain the same level: 保持某一比率或水平
We cannot have low tax increases and maintain the same level of officers in the police department.
我们无法在低税收增长的同时,在警察部门保持同等水平数量的警官。
(2)波动:
fluctuate between: 在某范围内波动
His total working time per week fluctuated between 35 hours and 45 hours.
他每周工作时间在35至45小时间波动。
fluctuate around: 围绕某一水平出现波动
Gold prices would likely fluctuate around current levels but could rise later this year.
黄金价格可能会在当前水平波动,但今年晚些时候可能上升。
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