华慧考博英语语法:常见定语从句的翻译方法
英汉语言在结构方面存在差异,所以,翻译的时候要考虑是否符合译语表达。定语从句就是英汉差异的一种表现,主要体现在句子结构上的不同,表达顺序的不同。定语从句用于修饰或限定主句中的某个名词或代词。在翻译定语从句时,我们需要根据句子的具体结构和语境,采用合适的翻译方法。以下是一些常见的定语从句翻译方法:
1. 前置法:
当定语从句简短、意义明确,并且与被修饰词关系密切时,可以将其译为汉语的偏正短语,并放在被修饰词前面,类似于汉语中的前置定语。
例: The girl who is wearing a red dress is my sister.
(穿红色裙子的女孩是我妹妹。)
The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.
(我昨天买的那本书很有趣。)
2. 后置法:
对于较长的定语从句或者结构较为复杂的定语从句,可以将其译为汉语的并列句,并放在被修饰词后面。
例: I don't know the man who is talking with our teacher.
(我不认识正在和我们老师谈话的那个人。)
I love the place where I spent my childhood.
(我爱那个地方,我在那里度过了我的童年。)
3. 分译法:
对于结构复杂、内容较多的定语从句,可以将其与主句分开翻译,使译文结构更加清晰,逻辑更加连贯。
例: 定语从句较长或复杂:
He met a man who had traveled to Africa and who told him many exciting stories.
(他遇到了一个人,这个人曾经去过非洲,给他讲了很多激动人心的故事。)
需要补充信息:
The girl, who was born in a small village, has become a famous singer.
(这个女孩出生在一个小村庄,现在已经成为了著名的歌手。)
多个定语从句:
I visited the house which stands near the river and which was built a hundred years ago.
(我参观了那座房子,它位于河边,建于一百年前。)
4. 状译法:
如果定语从句表示原因、结果、目的、让步等状语性内容,可以将其翻译为汉语的状语分句,用相应的状语性词语(如“因为”、“所以”、“为了”等)引导。
例:表示原因:
The car, which had a flat tire, couldn't go any further.
(因为轮胎瘪了,所以那辆车无法再往前开。)
表示目的:
They set up a committee to investigate the incident, which was aimed at clarifying the truth.
(他们成立了一个委员会来调查这一事件,目的是要澄清事实。)
表示结果:
She sang so well that everyone present was deeply moved, which resulted in a standing ovation.
(她唱得非常好,以至于在场的每个人都被深深打动了,结果是大家起立鼓掌。)
表示条件:
The book, which is available in the library, can be borrowed by students.
(只要图书馆里有这本书,学生就可以借阅。)
表示让步:
The food was delicious, though it was prepared by a novice chef, which was surprising.
(尽管这道菜是由一个新手厨师做的,但味道很美味,这让人感到惊讶。)
总结:在翻译定语从句时,需要注意以下几点:
1. 理解原句结构和意义,确定合适的翻译方法。
2. 保留原文的信息和逻辑,确保译文准确、通顺。
3. 注意译文的语言风格和文体要求,使译文符合目标语言的表达习惯。
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