Part I. English and American literature (50 points)
I. Choose the best answer that completes the question. (20%)
1．Beowulf is a folk legend brought to England by the _____ from their continental homes.
A. Romans
B. Celtic
C. Anglo-Saxons
D Britons
2．Utopia was written by _____.
A. Geoffrey Chaucer
B. Thomas More
C. Philip Sidney
D. Edmund Spenser
3．Among the following novels which is not written by Daniel Defoe?
A. Moll Flanders
B. Robinson Crusoe
C. Captain Singleton
D. School for Scandal
4．Emerson’s _____ was a plea for laying aside European models and confronting life as free men in a new world, and it was called the “Intellectual Declaration of Independence”.
A. Nature
B. Self-Reliance
C. The Over-Soul
D. The American Scholar
5．The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is a piece of literary works by _____.
A. Edgar Allan Poe
B. Henry David Thoreau
C. Herman Melville
D. Mark Twain
6．Of all F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novels, _____ is by far the finest.
A. The Side of Paradise
B. The Great Gatsby
C. Last Tycoon
D. The Beautiful and the Damned
7．_____ are the two most outstanding critical realists in 19th century British literature.
A. George Eliot and Thomas Hardy
B. Charles Dickens and William M. Thackeray
C. Virginia Woolf
D. James Joyce
8．_____ is, as Dreiser once noted, not only a tragedy, but an American tragedy.
A. An American tragedy
B. Sister Carrie
C. Jennie Gerhardt
D. The Genius
9．Jack London is not the author of _____.
A. The Call of the Wild
B. The Octopus
C. Martin Eden
D. White Fang
10．John Milton wrote the following works except _____.
A. Paradise Lost
B. A Red, Red Rose
C. Samson Agonists
D. Paradise Regained
 

II. Give the author and the genre of the following literary works: (10%)
11．The Merchant of Venice
12．Of Studies
13．The Solitary Reaper
14．Ode to the Nightingale
15．An Ideal Husband
16．Common Sense
17．The Legend of Sleepy Hollow
18．The portrait of a lady
19．Mending Wall
20．U.S.A.
III. Briefly define the literary terms listed below: (20%)
21．Transcendentalism
22．American Naturalism
23．Imagism
24．Renaissance
25．Romanticism in England
Part II. Linguistics (50 points)
IV. Term defining(10 points)
Directions: Define the following terms, giving examples for illustration if necessary.
26．Phoneme
27．UG parameters
28．Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
29．Lingua Franca
30．Diglossia
V. Choose the best answer (20 points)
Directions: The following are questions or incomplete sentences with four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose one answer that best completes the sentences or answer the question.

31．The _____ study of language studies the historical development of language over a period of time, it is a historical study.
A. synchronic
B. descriptive
C. prescriptive
D. diachronic
32．When a speech sound changes and becomes more like another sound which follows or precedes it, it is said to be _____.
A. nasalized
B. assimilated
C. aspirated
D. voiced
33．_____ can be used independently without being combined with other morphemes.
A. Free morphemes
B. Bound morpheme
C. Affixes
D. Roots
34．We can make an infinite number of sentences and sentences with infinite length. This is due to _____.
A. combinational rules
B. phrase structure rules
C. recursive property of phrase structure rules
D. X-bar theory
35．The meaning of a language form is as the “situation in which the speaker utters it and the response it calls forth in the hearer” is proposed by _____.
A. Plato
B. Firth
C. Chomsky
D. Bloomfield
36．_____ act expresses the intention of the speaker.
A. Locutionary
B. Illocutionary
C. Perlocutionary
D. Speech
37．The words such as “hi-tech” “zoo” are _____.
A. acronyms
B. clipped words
C. formed by blending
D. coined by back formation
38．It is the _____ differences that have often been used to illustrate the “illogic” of Black English.
A. phonological
B. morphological
C. syntactic
D. all of the above
39．Children’s language acquisition is _____ of language.
A. the memorization of words
B. chiefly the internalization of individual sentences
C. primarily the acquisition of the grammar system
D. a bunch of utterances
40．_____ of a sentence depends on the context in which the sentence is uttered.
A. Sentence-meaning
B. Utterance-meaning
C. The reference
D. The meaning
VI. Questions (20 points)
Directions: Answer the following questions, giving examples for illustration if necessary.
41．Why is Saussure described as the father of modern linguistics?
42．How does phonetics differ from phonology?
43．What is X-bar theory?
44．What are the advantages and disadvantages of semantic triangle?
45．What are the important causes of regional dialect?
Part III. Culture and translation(50 points)
VII. Choose the best answer (20 points)
46．In England, Australia, New Zealand etc. the first week day after Christmas is _____.
A. Boxing Day
B. Thanksgiving Day
C. Easter
D. St. Valentine’s Day
47．English is often referred to as a _____ language because it uses frequently connectives to indicate the relation between linguistic elements.
A. paratactic
B. hypotactic
C. branching
D. linear
48．“Good-bye” is derived from the expression _____.
A. good luck for you
B. God be with you
C. looking forward to seeing you again
D. God bless you
49．“Our garden didn’t do very well this year. By contrast, the orchard looks very healthy” demonstrates _____ relation between the two sentences.
A. an additive
B. an adversative
C. a causal
D. a temporal
50．The fact that “伯父” 、“舅父” 、“姑父” collectively correspond to “uncle” implies that the distinction between _____ is often ignored in English culture.
A. paternal and maternal relatives
B. male and female relatives
C. kinship and spouse relatives
D. old and young relatives
 

51．The ancestors of the English and the founders of England were _____.
A. the Anglo-Saxon
B. the Normans
C. the Vikings
D. the Romans
52．Which of the following did not belong to Romanticism?
A. Keats
B. Shelley
C. Wordsworth
D. E. M Foster
53．The United States was rated _____ in the world in terms of band area and the size of population.
A. second
B. third
C. fourth
D. fifth
54．“黄色电影” can be translated into _____.
A. a yellow film
B. a blue film
C. a red film
D. a sexual film
55．Deductive argumentation has been related to _____.
A. the circular thinking pattern
B. the branching thinking pattern
C. inductive reasoning
D. deductive reasoning
VIII. Answer the following questions (20 points)
56．How do you explain the relationship between language and culture?
57．How can we interpret word meaning? Which part of it is closely related to culture?
58．What is the difference between English and Chinese on the position of modifiers? How do you explain this phenomenon from cultural perspective?
59．What is the relationship between cohesion and coherence of text?
60．Discuss the cross-cultural contrasts between English and Chinese compliments and responses.
IX. Study the following translations of a Chinese poem and make some comments on it. (10 points)